This book comprehensively addresses diagnostic and screening approaches from auditory perception to speech production, providing an extensive resource on early diagnosis and intervention of hearing and speech disorders. The first chapter focuses on the elderly population, examining the risk of falls associated with dizziness, emphasizing that dizziness is a measurable and treatable indicator that significantly impacts quality of life and increases fall risk in older adults. The second chapter explores therapeutic challenges and ethical responsibilities related to children who experience both hearing loss and stuttering, outlining how these conditions affect their social, academic, and emotional development, and stresses the importance of early diagnosis and tailored rehabilitation. The third chapter details the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic procedures, and progress of newborn hearing screening programs, including specialized protocols and testing methods for neonates in intensive care units, with a focus on Turkey's implementation. Emphasizing multidisciplinary collaboration among audiologists, speech therapists, and rehabilitation professionals, the book aims to enhance clinical practice for managing hearing and speech impairments effectively in both elderly and pediatric populations, offering readers up-to-date scientific information and intervention strategies.